Indonesia Officially in Recession Q3 Growth Rate. Financial Analysts Journal, 55(5), 24–36. Dampak Covid-19 Terasa di Hampir Semua Sektor, dari Otomotif hingga Pariwisata. In addition, of the 31 companies that carried out the manipulation, there were 6 companies that had the potential to go bankrupt.īaskoro, F. Companies with grey area status or companies that are likely to manipulate financial statements in 2020 are 4.3% or 8 companies and companies that manipulate financial statements in 2020 are 16.8% or as many as 31 companies. Companies that did not manipulate the financial statements in 2020 were 78.8% or 145 companies. The results of this study found that manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on average did not manipulate their financial statements in the Covid-19 pandemic. To achieve the research objectives, a study will be conducted using descriptive analysis methods. In addition, it will examine which manipulative companies are in a state of financial difficulty leading to bankruptcy. This study aims to mapping manufacturing companies that manipulate their financial statements using the benefit m score model during 2020. As a result, the potential for manipulative actions on the financial statements from the company's management will be higher so that the target is achieved. The problem is, COVID 19 causes economic instability so that the initial target will be difficult to achieve. Every manager is required to meet the performance targets that have been made in early 2020. One of the sectors that has been badly affected by COVID-19 is the economic sector. To aim this objective, at the present study, the methodological process used was bibliographical, basically, Jürgen Habermas theory.The coronavirus pandemic or better known as COVID-19 has had an impact on many sectors. It, mainly, spans the concept of solidarity. This paper intends to approach an explication for the mentioned wariness, based on a Habermas's perspective. Another one is the restrict negotiability of this kind of pact. There are some reasons behind the carefulness one of them is related with the fact that the autonomy of the will of one of the parties involved with the agreement is reduced.
However, it is acknowledged that, the Brazilian Law has a precautious treatment when it concerns arbitration clauses in adhesion contracts. In addition, in 2013, it was considered the one whose arbitral technique developed the most. This increasing turned Brazil into the 4 th country that uses more the referred institute.
ABSTRACT In 2014, there was a growth in 140 of cases submitted to arbitration in Brazil, in comparison with 2008. Para almejar o referido objetivo, se utilizará de estudos bibliográficos, sobretudo, da teoria de obras de Jürgen Habermas. No presente trabalho, pretende-se, a partir da ótica habermasiana, abordar a explicação para tal, perpassando, principalmente, pelo conceito de solidariedade. Dentre outras razões, tal fato se deve à diminuta autonomia da vontade de uma das partes envolvidas na avença e à restrita negociabilidade dessa modalidade de pacto. No entanto, é cediço que o direito brasileiro vislumbra o instituto arbitral nos contratos com cláusulas pré-estabelecidas e de negociação reduzida, ou seja, nos contratos de adesão, com desconfiança. RESUMO Houve um aumento das controvérsias submetidas à arbitragem no Brasil em 140 casos em 2014, em comparação aos dados de 2008, tornando-se o quarto país que mais se utiliza deste meio alternativo de resolução de controvérsias (MARC) bem como, um dos que mais evoluiu ao que concerne tal técnica.
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